No, you probably didn't hurt anything, don't worry. And re: Chris' comment, it's true is doesn't necessarily make the shine look better. However, what it will do is ensure you remove all polish oil residue before applying a sealant and/or wax. You don't want any residue showing through or affecting their performance. I've read up on Revive, including suggestions of using it to remove LSPs, but from what I've also seen many others prefer stronger methods. Plenty of other threads on this topic (here and here, being examples), so feel free to read up and decide for yourself if it's worth the time. Coming up with your own detailing methods is what makes this fun. To me, who's honestly not that particular - I haven't been able to wash my daily in weeks - it's well worth the time, effort, and minimal cost.
As for going back over your car again, there's probably no need to reclay. However, PS works best when applied to a naked paint surface. That said, I'd recommend you strip wash the car before doing anything more. If you don't have SW, you could used liquid blue Dawn (warning - not everyone likes this, but it does work!) or add a few ounces of APC to your CS, and wash the car. After the strip wash, if you decide not to do any further paint correction, add the PS, then any waxes/glazes. For more on what you could use, to include layering products, read this article.
Good luck! Post some pics when you're done.